De la «ciutat resilient» a la resiliència urbana. Un estat de la qüestió sobre la comprensió i la integració de la perspectiva de la resiliència en sistemes urbans
Resum
El concepte de resiliència sembla que actualment ha perdut significat. La banalització del concepte es deu, potser, a la proliferació del seu denominador comú o «capacitat de fer front a les pertorbacions» en moltes disciplines diferents. Un problema que se’n deriva és la manca de comprensió d’un nou concepte relacionat amb l’adaptació al canvi climàtic: «Resilient City». En aquest article, es pretén revisar l’evolució i les perspectives diferents del concepte de resiliència i analitzar la possible relació i aplicació d’aquestes perspectives a l’àmbit urbà. Un resultat de la revisió són les possibles malinterpretacions de la resiliència aplicada a l’ambient urbà quan ens referim a la principal propietat de conservació (resiliència entesa com a recuperació i tornada a l’estat previ després d’una pertorbació), que pot promoure un model urbà insostenible. Hi ha unes altres perspectives (la resiliència dels sistemes complexos) que ens transmeten missatges més sostenibles per a l’aplicació urbana d’aquest concepte, ja que s’interessen per les propietats de transformació i transició sostenible d’un sistema. D’aquesta manera, el concepte de resiliència aplicat a les ciutats ha de tenir en compte les propietats de conservació (capacitat de sobreviure al canvi), transició (mudar i adaptar-se al canvi) i transformació (reconfiguració del sistema) al mateix temps i desenvolupar-se d’acord amb unes dimensions socioeconòmiques i polítiques específiques.
Paraules clau
ciutats resilients, resiliència urbana, adaptació al canvi climàtic, transicions urbanes, sostenibilitat.Referències
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Drets d'autor (c) 2012 Lorenzo Chelleri
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