European cross-border spaces: A difficult to define geographic object? An approach from the perspective of soft spaces
Abstract
This text proposes a vision of cross-border spaces from the perspective of soft spaces in relation to territorial planning. In doing so, we aim to achieve a much more realistic interpretation of cross-border areas, as well as the dynamics that occur in them. The article also examines cross-border cooperation in Europe from its origins to the present. Starting with a definition of phases coinciding with other authors, the article concludes with the proposal of a last one initiated in 2008, which is characterized by the tension between forces that call for the recovery of the border and the sovereignty of the states and those who, on the contrary, advocate recovering the idea of European integration lost in the last decade; that is, a tension between the transboundary soft spaces and an emerging rebordering.Keywords
European Union, INTERREG, cross-border cooperation, soft spaces, reborderingReferences
AGNEW, John (1994). «The territorial trap: the geographical assumptions of international relations theory». Review of International Political Economy, 1 (1), 53-80. http://doi.org./10.1080/09692299408434268
ALLMENDINGER, Phil; HAUGHTON, Graham; KNIELING, Jörg y OTHENGRAFEN, Frank (eds.) (2015). Soft Spaces in Europe, Re-negotiating governance, boundaries; borders. Londres: Routledge.
ALLMENDINGER, Phil y CHILLA, Tobias (2014). «Europeanizing territoriality, towards soft spaces?». Environment; Planning A, 46, 2703-2717. https://doi.org/10.1068/a130037p
ALLMENDINGER, Phil y HAUGHTON, Graham (2009). «Soft spaces, fuzzy boundaries; metagovernance: the new spatial planning in the Thames Gateway». Environment; Planning A, 41, 617-633. https://doi.org/10.1068/a40208
AMILHAT-SZARY, Anne-Laure y FOURNY, Marie-Christine (ed.) (2006). Après les frontières, avec la frontière. Nouvelles dynamiques transfrontalières en Europe. La Tour d’Aigues: L’Aube, 169.
BAUDER, Harald (2011). «Toward a critical geography of the border: engaging the dialectic of practice; meaning». Annals of the Association of the American Geographers, 101 (5), 1126-1139. https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2011.577356
BERZI, Matteo (2017a). «The cross-border reterritorialization concept revisited: the territorialist approach applied to the case of Cerdanya on the French-Spanish border». European Planning Studies, 25 (9), 1575-1596. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2017.1321622
— (2017b). «La vía transfronteriza del desarrollo territorial endógeno. Reflexiones teóricas y estudios empíricos en los Pirineos y los Alpes». Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, tesis doctoral.
BLATTER, Joachim (2004). «From ‘spaces of place’ to ‘spaces of flows’? Territorial; functional governance in cross-border regions in Europe; North America». International Journal of Urban; Regional Research, 28 (3) 530-548. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0309-1317.2004.00534.x
BRENNER, Neil (1999). «Globalization as reterritorialization: The Re-scaling of Urban Governance in the European Union». Urban Studies, 36 (3), 431-451. https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0042098993466
BRUNET-JAILLY, Emmanuel (2005). «Theorizing borders: an interdisciplinary perspective». Geopolitics, 10 (4), 633-649.
CASTAÑER, Margarida y FELIU, Jaume (2012). «L’Eurodistricte català transfronterer. Un espai emergent sense marc administratiu». Treballs de la Societat Catalana de Geografia, 74, 41-58.
CASTELLS, Manuel (1997). L’era de la informació. Vol. II: El poder de la identitat. Barcelona: UOC, 2003.
— (1998). L’era de la informació. Vol. III: Canvi de mil·lenni. Barcelona: UOC, 2003.
CONSEJO DE EUROPA (1980). Convención sobre cooperación transfronteriza entre comunidades territoriales. http://www.interior.gob.es/web/servicios-al-ciudadano/normativa/acuerdos-y-convenios/convenio-marco-de-21-de-mayo-de-1980 [Consulta: 28 de octubre de 2017].
DE SOUSA, Luis (2012). «Understanding European crossborder cooperation: a framework for analysis». Journal of European Integration, iFirts Article, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2012.711827
DEMATTEIS, Giuseppe y GOVERNA, Francesca (2005). Territorialità, sviluppo locale, sostenibilità: il modello Slot. Milán: Franco Angeli.
DÜHR, Stefanie (2011). «Baltic sea, Danube and macro-regional strategies: a model for transnational cooperation in the UE?». Radboud Repository. Nijmegen: Radboud University Nijmegen.
EVRARD, Estelle, (2013). «L’espace frontalier, région en construction». Belgeo, 1. https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.10573
FALUDI, Andreas (2009). «A turning point in the development of European spatial planning? The ‘Territorial Agenda of the European Union’; the ‘First Action Programme’». Progress in Planning, 71 (1), 1-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progress.2008.09.001
— (2010). «Beyond Lisbon: soft European spatial planning». DISP, 182, 3, 14-24. Geopolitics, 19 (3), 587-608. https://doi.org/10.1080/02513625.2010.10557098
— (2013). «Territorial cohesion, territorialism, territoriality; soft planning: a critical review». Environment; Planning A, 45, 1302-1317. https://doi.org/10.1068/a45299
FELIU, Jaume; BERZI, Matteo; VICENTE, Joan; CASTAÑER, Margarida y LLUSSÀ, Rafel (2013). «Análisis de los proyectos y actores transfronterizos España-Francia en el período 2007-2013». Geographicalia, 63-64, 75-93.
GUALINI, Enrico (2003). «Cross-border governance: inventing regions in a trans-national multi-level polity». disP, 39 (152), 43-53. https://doi.org/10.1080/02513625.2003.10556833
HAMEZ, Gregory (2013). «Vers un modèle multiscalaire des territoires frontaliers intérieurs à l’Union européenne». Belgeo, 1. https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.10558
HARGUINDEGUY, Jean Baptiste y HAYWARD, Katy (2014). «The institutionalization of the European internal cross-border co-operation policy: a first appraisal». European Planning Studies, 22 (1), 184-203. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2012.741571
HAUGHTON, Graham y ALLMENDINGER, Phil (1998). «The soft spaces of local economic development», Local Economy, 23, 138-148.
HAUGHTON, Graham; ALLMENDINGER, Phil; COUNSELL, David y VIGAR, Geoff (2010). The new spatial planning: territorial management with soft spaces; fuzzy boundaries. Londres: Routledge.
HERZOG, Lawrence y SOHN, Christophe (2015). «The co-mingling of bordering dynamics in the San Diego-Tijuana crossborder metropolis», Working Paper, 2016-1, Luxembourg Institute of Socio-economic Research, 21 pág.
KAPLAN, David y HÄKLI, Jouni (2002). Boundaries; place: European borderlands in geographical context. Londres: Rowman & Littlefield.
KEATING, Michael (1998). The new regionalism in Western Europe. Territorial restructuring; political change. Northhampton: Edward Elgar Pub.
MEDINA, Eusebio (2017). «Marco jurídico y principales instrumentos de la cooperación transfronteriza institucional en Europa». Investigaciones Regionales, 37, 189-206.
NOGUÉ, Joan y VICENTE, Joan (2001). Geopolítica, identidad y globalización. Barcelona: Ariel.
OLIVERAS, Xavier; DURÀ, Antoni y PERKMANN, Markus (2010). «Las regiones transfronterizas: balance de la regionalización de la cooperación transfronteriza en Europa (1958-2007)». Documents d’Anàlisi Geogràfica, 56 (1), 21-39.
PAASI, Ansi, (2009). «Bounded spaces in a “borderless world”: border studies, power; the anatomy of territory». Journal of Power, 2 (2), 213-234. https://doi.org/10.1080/17540290903064275
PERKMANN, Markus (2003). «Cross-border regions in Europe significance; drivers of regional cross-border cooperation», European Urban; Regional Studies, 10 (2), 153-171. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776403010002004
— (2005). «The emergence; governance of Euroregions: the case of the EUREGIO on the Dutch-German border», Conference Papers; Presentations (Mechanical, Electrical; Manufacturing Engineering). <https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/743>.
PIERMAY, Jean-Luc (2009). «La frontière, un outil de projection au monde. Les mutations de Tanger (Maroc)». Espaces et sociétés, 138 (3), 69-83. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/743
RUMLEY, Dennis y MINGHI, Julian (eds.) (1991). The geography of border landscapes. Londres: Routledge.
SCOTT, James Wesley (2005). «The EU and ‘Wider Europe’: toward an alternative geopolitics of regional cooperation?». Geopolitics, 10, 429-454. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650040591003471
— (2016). «Rebordering Central Europe: observations on cohesion; cross-border cooperation». Cross-border Review Yearbook. European Institute on Cross-border Studies 2016. http://institute.cesci-net.eu/en/crossborder-review-2016
SOHN, Christophe (2014a). «The Border as a Resource in the Global Urban Space: A Contribution to the Cross‐Border Metropolis Hypothesis». International Journal of Urban; Regional Research, 38 (5), 1697-1711. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12071
— (2014b). «Modelling cross-border integration: the role of borders as a resource». Geopolitics, 19 (3), 587-608. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2014.913029
SOHN, Christophe y STAMBOLIC, Nora (2015). «The urban development of European border regions: a spatial typology». Europa Regional, 21 (4), 177-189.
UNIÓN EUROPEA (2008). Libro verde de la cohesión territorial. El camino a seguir. http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/panorama/pdf/mag28/mag28_es.pdf
VAN HOUTUM, Henk (2010). «The mask of the border». En: Doris WASTL-WALTER. The Ashgate research companion to border studies. Ashgate, 11-33. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118255223.ch23
VAN HOUTUM, Henk; LAINE, Jussi y SCOTT, James Wesley (2016). «European crisis; its consequences for borders; cooperation». Cross-Border Review Yearbook. European Institute on Cross-border Studies, 135-152.
VICENTE, Joan (1993). «Construcción, deconstrucción y reconstrucción de Europa». Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, 17, 167-179.
Otra documentación consultada
Europa 2020. Una estrategia para el crecimiento inteligente, sostenible e integrador. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52010DC2020&from=ES [consulta: 23 de septiembre de 2017]
Informe Barca (2009). http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/policy/future/barca_es.htm [consulta: 15 de julio de 2017]
Keep.eu, estadística europea sobre programas transfronterizos https://www.keep.eu/keep/statistics [consulta: 25 de septiembre de 2017]
Interreg POCTEFA. https://www.poctefa.eu [consulta: 23 de septiembre de 2017]
Published
How to Cite
Downloads
Copyright (c) 2018 David Giband, Joan Vicente Rufí
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
