Water security and interstate conflict and cooperation

Wagner Costa Ribeiro; Fernanda Mello Sant'Anna

doi:10.5565/rev/dag.150

Seguridad hídrica y conflicto y cooperación interestatales

Autores/as

Wagner Costa Ribeiro São Paulo University, Department of Geography, Faculty of Philosophy, Languages and Literature, and Human Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
Fernanda Mello Sant'Anna São Paulo State University, Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, Franca-SP, Brazil

PDF (EN)

Resumen

Las tensiones y los conflictos en torno a los usos del agua son cada vez más comunes, tanto como resultado de su elevada escasez como de su todavía más elevada demanda. Los usos de los recursos hídricos generan controversia política entre los países que comparten aguas transfronterizas. Este artículo tiene como objetivo debatir en torno a la seguridad hídrica y los conflictos y la cooperación interestatales que de ella pueden derivarse. Se basa en una revisión de la literatura sobre esta temática abordada desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria, con la finalidad de contribuir al desarrollo de estudios sobre políticas de aguas transfronterizas, y desarrolla conceptos como los de seguridad hídrica, justicia hídrica y gobernanza hídrica. El artículo ayuda a entender los problemas que se plantean en torno a los conflictos y la cooperación en el uso compartido de los recursos hídricos transfronterizos. Se estructura en las siguientes partes: agua y política internacional; seguridad internacional, seguridad ambiental y seguridad hídrica; conflictos hídricos interestatales y cooperación en el uso de los recursos hídricos compartidos. La cooperación en el uso de las aguas transfronterizas podría ahorrar conflictos distributivos en el uso del agua. En situaciones de escasez hídrica, las políticas deben priorizar los usos humanos y ganaderos, lo que contribuiría a aliviar los problemas en el suministro de agua entre países ribereños. Sin embargo, la propia abundancia de agua puede incluso crear más tensiones que la falta de la misma, ya que las disputas sobre su uso pueden imponerse frente a la cooperación a favor de la seguridad interestatal.

Palabras clave

agua, seguridad hídrica, conflicto interestatal, cooperación internacional, aguas transfronterizas

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