Metabolismo urbano: una revisión de la literatura reciente sobre el tema
Resumen
Las áreas urbanas son el principal hábitat de la mayoría de la población mundial. El desarrollo de las ciudades no solo implica un cambio fundamental en los patrones de asentamiento humano, sino también una dramática transformación del entorno físico. Es por ello que tanto las áreas urbanas como su desarrollo se encuentran en el centro de todas las discusiones sobre sostenibilidad y desarrollo sostenible. Este ensayo introduce la noción de metabolismo urbano (MU), un término que proporciona un marco conceptual para el estudio del funcionamiento de las ciudades y, consecuentemente, una aproximación al análisis de la sostenibilidad de las mismas. Tanto la importancia como el alcance del tema derivan en formas distintas de interpretar y, por tanto, de aplicar la noción del MU a través de distintas disciplinas pertenecientes a los campos de las ciencias naturales y sociales. Con el fin de comprender las similitudes y las controversias entre las mismas, la presente revisión también expone brevemente las raíces históricas del término. Esta revisión pone de manifiesto la importancia creciente de un campo de investigación sobre el metabolismo de las zonas urbanas inmerso en una abundante, fértil y rápida evolución.Palabras clave
metabolismo urbano, ciudad, sostenibilidad, desarrollo sostenible, medio ambiente, disciplinas de conocimientoCitas
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