Urban Political Ecology. Great Promises, Deadlock… and New Beginnings?

Erik Swyngedouw; Maria Kaika

doi:10.5565/rev/dag.155

La ecología política urbana. Grandes promesas, frenos... y ¿nuevos comienzos?

Autores/as

Erik Swyngedouw School of Education, Environment and Development The University of Manchester, UK
Maria Kaika School of Education, Environment and Development The University of Manchester, UK

PDF (EN)

Resumen

El artículo parte de la premisa de que es de vital importancia reconocer que el principal impulsor de los cambios ambientales ha sido el galopante proceso de urbanización mundial. De hecho, la «sostenibilidad» de la vida urbana contemporánea —entendida como la reproducción ampliada de su forma social y natural y de su funcionamiento— es la responsable del uso del 80% de los recursos y de la generación de la mayor parte de los residuos mundiales. Este artículo tiene por objetivo resaltar cómo estas raíces urbanas son habitualmente ignoradas por gran parte de la teoría y la práctica urbanas, y cómo los débiles intentos tecnocráticos para adoptar formas más «sostenibles» de vida urbana en realidad siguen favoreciendo el apocalipsis socioecológico combinado y desigual y que marca las dinámicas contemporáneas de la urbanización mundial. De ahí que no se trata tanto de analizar la cuestión de la naturaleza en la ciudad, sino más bien de analizar la urbanización de la naturaleza (entendida como el proceso a través del cual todo tipo de naturalezas son socialmente movilizadas, económicamente incorporadas y físicamente metabolizadas/transformadas en beneficio del proceso de urbanización). En primer lugar, explicaremos cómo las relaciones entre las ciudades y el medio ambiente han sido descritas e imaginadas a lo largo del último siglo. En segundo lugar, indagaremos cómo la cuestión ambiental entró en la teoría y en la práctica urbana durante el siglo XX. Por último, averiguaremos cómo y por qué, a pesar del avance de nuestro conocimiento sobre la relación entre el cambio ambiental y la urbanización y un consenso focalizado en la necesidad de un desarrollo urbano «sostenible», la incógnita del medio ambiente y los problemas generalizados que ocasiona no muestran ninguna señal de disminuir. El artículo concluye con una breve aproximación a algunos de los retos intelectuales y prácticos que nos esperan.

Palabras clave

ecología política urbana, políticas ambientales, teoría urbana, conflicto socioecológico

Citas

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