Water security and interstate conflict and cooperation

Wagner Costa Ribeiro; Fernanda Mello Sant'Anna

doi:10.5565/rev/dag.150

Seguretat hídrica i conflicte i cooperació interestatals

Autors/ores

Wagner Costa Ribeiro Department of Geography Faculty of Philosophy, Languages and Literature, and Human Sciences Sao Paulo University, Brazil
Fernanda Mello Sant'Anna São Paulo State University, Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, Franca-SP, Brazil

PDF (EN)

Resum

Les tensions i els conflictes entorn dels usos de l’aigua són cada vegada més comuns, tant com a resultat de la seva elevada escassetat com de la seva encara més elevada demanda. L’ús dels recursos hídrics genera confrontacions polítiques entre els països que comparteixen aigües transfrontereres. Aquest article té per objectiu debatre entorn de la seguretat hídrica i els conflictes i la cooperació interestatals que se’n poden derivar. Parteix d’una revisió de la literatura sobre aquest tema abordada des d’una perspectiva interdisciplinària, té per finalitat contribuir al desenvolupament d’estudis sobre polítiques d’aigües transfrontereres i desenvolupa conceptes com els de seguretat hídrica, justícia hídrica i governança hídrica. L’article ajuda a comprendre els problemes que es plantegen al voltant dels conflictes i la cooperació en l’ús compartit dels recursos hídrics transfronterers. S’estructura en les parts següents: aigua i política internacional; seguretat internacional; seguretat ambiental i seguretat hídrica, i conflictes hídrics interestatals i cooperació en l’ús dels recursos hídrics compartits. La cooperació en l’ús de les aigües transfrontereres podria minimitzar conflictes distributius en l’ús de l’aigua. En situacions d’escassetat hídrica, les polítiques han de prioritzar els usos humans i ramaders, la qual cosa podria alleujar els problemes en el subministrament d’aigua entre països riberencs. Tanmateix, l’abundància d’aigua pot acabar creant més tensions que no pas la falta d’aquest recurs, ja que les disputes sobre el seu ús poden imposar-se a la cooperació en favor de la seguretat interestatal.

Paraules clau

aigua, seguretat hídrica, conflicte interestatal, cooperació internacional, aigües transfrontereres

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